Although it has a relatively low population density, California’s San Joaquin Valley has some of the worst air pollution in the nation, especially when it comes to ozone (O₃), a gas that can cause respiratory and cardiac problems. To counteract the air pollution, California and San Joaquin Valley regulators have taken significant actions, but results to date have been disappointing. It seems that the people who estimate the pollutant emissions from transportation, industry  and agriculture missed something. The San Joaquin Valley is home to much of California’s dairy industry, so it has been suggested that the masses of manure or perhaps the cows themselves were a big source of air pollution.

A new study comes to a somewhat surprising conclusion: cattle feed is a previously unnoticed source of ozone precursors, possibly being responsible for more ozone formation than light-duty cars and trucks in the valley. Basically, as the cattle feed ferments in huge covered piles, all sorts of alcohols, aldehydes and other reactive gases are formed and can react with oxides of nitrogen to form ozone after being released.  The biggest contributor is corn silage because of its popularity among dairy farmers (10 million metric tons feeding 1.9 million cows in a recent year), possibly leading one to remark something like “Corn, is there anything you can’t screw up?”  However, other types of feed also emit ozone precursors, so it’s conceivable that switching from corn silage to alfalfa or oat silage could have a similar impact (the articles, however, are not clear on how switching feeds would change things). To reduce this source of pollution, farmers will need to change the way they feed their cows so that or the way that they store silage — the articles are short on specifics.  Dairy farmers in other concentrated dairy areas probably don’t need to rush out and change their practices, as the geography of the San Joaquin Valley makes it a place that is uniquely susceptible to air pollution. (Fresno Bee; Green at the New York Times; Science News;  the full article is in Environmental Science and Technology, subscription only, but might be available for free via EurekAlert!)

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WinCo Foods on Saturday expanded its hamburger recall to include ground beef sold at its stores Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Nevada and Utah.

The original recall, announced a week ago, was for ground beef purchased at its Modesto, Calif., store from April 3-9. An independent lab involved with a survey of supermarket ground beef found that two samples purchased from the Modesto store were tainted with an E. coli O157:H7 bacteria that causes foodborne illness.

But, as government agencies investigated, “new information has come to light that potentially implicates WinCo’s ground beef suppliers,” the discount retailer said Saturday.

The recall time frame is expanded to include fresh hamburger packed in Styrofoam trays with a sale date of March 28 through April 9.

View full post on Marler Blog

Can I report the CDFA as a pest?

Responding to concerns about the safety of nicotine based pesticides, such as imidacloprid, the Italian government, last year, banned them as a seed treatment. According to the Institute of Science in Society, Researchers with the National Institute of Beekeeping in Bologna, Italy discovered that “pollen obtained from seeds dressed with imidacloprid contains significant levels of the insecticide, and suggested that the polluted pollen was one of the main causes of honeybee colony collapse.”[1] Since the Italian government’s ban last year bee colonies have sprung back. In some regions no hives have been lost at all with the exception of citrus groves in Southern Italy where neonicotinoids were sprayed.[2]

Which brings me to the California Department of Food and Agriculture, whose love for the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid I got to experience first hand. Last year our neighborhood was one of the first targeted by the CDFA for treatment in Los Angeles county after the appearance of the dreaded Asian Citrus Psyllid, a carrier of a fatal citrus disease called Huanglongbing (HLB)–see my early post about the psyllid and HLB. During a brief treatment period last fall CDFA agents and their contractors TruGreen attempted to spray every citrus tree with Bayer Crop Science’s version of imidacloprid, brand name Merit. During that spraying in my neighborhood CDFA agents and TruGreen:

1. Entered private property without warrants or permission.

2. Left misleading notices (click on image at right to enlarge) which failed to note that the treatment was voluntary.

3. Acted in an arrogant, condescending and rude manner. They also lied. When I declined treatment and noted that I was particularly concerned about the use of imidacloprid one agent offered what he called, “an alternative.” Upon further questioning he admitted that the “alternative” was a pellet version of imidacloprid–not an alternative at all, just the same insect neurotoxin in another form.

4. Ran out of pesticide. There are so many citrus trees in our neighborhood that the CDFA ran out of their precious imidacloprid tablets. They never returned to finish the job leading me to conclude that the operation was a kind of pesticide theater, a way to both justify their funding and please their friends at Sunkist.

European beekeepers would like to see all neonicotinoids banned for good. I’d like to see the same here. While imidacloprid is probably not hazardous to humans, all the oranges in the world are not worth killing our pollinating insects. And fighting invasive species this way is a losing game. I believe that HLB is inevitable. It’s just like Pierce’s disease in grapes, which is now an unavoidable part of viticulture in Southern California.

To my neighbors: I suggest we organize. Let’s resist CDFA’s attempt to spray more imidacloprid should they come around again. I’ve created a form where you can leave your email address here. I promise not to share the email addresses you provide or to send out spam. The list I create will only be used in the event we need to organize as concerned citizens. Hopefully I’ll never have to send out an email. But let’s not let CDFA treat us in a rude or condescending manner again. The next time CDFA pays a visit they may come with warrants and be even more surly. I’d love it if we had a crowd to greet them.

View full post on Homegrown Evolution